Paper Title
Effects of Prandtl Number on Mixed Convection of Al2o3nanofluids in A Lid-Driven Enclosure

Abstract
Mixed convection of ethylene glycol,water, propane, ammonia, andmercury based Al2O3 nanofluids in a lid-driven square enclosure heated from the left moving wall and cooled from the topwall was investigated numerically in this study. The other walls of the enclosure were assumed to be adiabatic. The computational results were obtained for various values of Reynolds number so that the Richardson number gets values in the range of 0.1 to 10 and forthree different nanoparticle volume fractions of: 0%, 4% and 8%.The results show that a considerable increase in the average Nusselt number is seen with an increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles for all values of Richardson and Prandtl numbers. The average Nusselt number shows a decrease with an increase in the Richardson number. The results also indicate that the average Nusselt number increases considerably with an increase in the Prandtl number. Keywords - Mixed convection, enclosure, nanofluid, Prandtl number, Richardson number, Nusselt number