Paper Title
Review on Discrete Element Modelling of Granular Soils

Abstract
This paper summarizes the recent research done using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) involving granular soils. The review begins by explaining the discrete nature of soil and the difficulties encountered when attempting to model their inherent characteristics, the different continuum and discontinuum methods available. The significance of laboratory testing and the essence of numerical modelling of laboratory testing are discussed. Then, the state-of-the-art associated with numerical modelling of the response of granular soils is presented in detail. Finally, the outstanding issues in the topic are listed and the research gaps that need to be addressed are highlighted. Index terms- Discrete Element Method (DEM), granular soils, continuum, discontinuum methods.