Paper Title
The Subjective Health Status And Self-Efficacy Among Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Residing In The Community

Abstract
The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recommendations in 2011 proposed a multidimensional assessment of patients’ conditions that included both functional parameters and patient-reported outcomes, with the aim to provide a comprehensive assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), thus meeting both the needs of the patient and the role of the physician. On the other hand, self-efficacy has emerged as an important correlate with health behavior, because self-efficacy is a psychological construct defined as an individual's beliefs about their capabilities to control events that affect their lives and is recognized as one of the most important determinants in the adoption and maintenance of behavior changes. Therefore, accurate measurement of self-efficacy has been considered critical for evaluating the success of disease management and might predict the translation of benefits from pulmonary rehabilitation programs into tangible functional improvements in activities of daily living among COPD patients. However, few studies have evaluated patient-reported outcomes as well as self-efficacy among individuals with COPD in clinical practice in Korea. Purpose:This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between subjective health status and self-efficacy reported by stable patients with COPD residing in community. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 140 stable COPD patients aged 69.4 years old and selected by a convenient sampling from an outpatient department of pulmonology in a tertiary hospital.Participants completed a constructed questionnaire including general characteristics, smoking history, dyspnea by modified medical research council (mMRC) scale, health status measured by COPD assessment test (CAT), and self-efficacy measured by , the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Adapted Index of Self-Efficacy (PRAISE). Medical records were reviewed to obtain disease-related characteristics including duration of the disease and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Data were analyzed using PASW statistics 20.0. Results: Mean FEV1% of participants was 63.51%, and 50.1% of them were categorized into mMRC 2. The mean scores of CAT (Range 0 – 37) and PRAISE (Range 17-60) were 17.7 and 42.5, respectively. The scores of CAT and PRAISE showed significant negative correlations (r= -.357, p<.001); so did FEV1 and CAT, as well (r= -.347, p < .001). Conclusions: Findings suggest, the higher self-efficacy the individual with COPD have, the better subjective health status they report, and provide the support for using patient-reported outcomes along with self- efficacy parameters to facilitate comprehensive assessment for COPD patients in real clinical practices. Keywords- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Copd Assessment Test, Self-Efficacy, Praise