Paper Title
Downward Accountability & Ngo Effectiveness: A Second Phase Study

Abstract
The qualitative data found in this paper was intended to validate and explain the outcomes of the first phase study which is the survey results of 209 employees. This was carried out as to elucidate the effect of downward accountability towards NGO effectiveness. We argue that the existing measures are incomplete and based from that, we develop a structural model to test the hypothesized effect. Utilizing Mango� (2010) framework, the results have revealed that information disclosure and complaints procedures affect NGO effectiveness except for participation mechanism. Thus, in understanding those results, for the second phase study, we utilize semi-structured interview technique by collecting data from six key informants who are leaders, managers, and influential person of Malaysian NGOs. The insightful results verify and confirm the empirical model as well as provide in-depth understanding on the hypothesized relationships. Keywords� Information Disclosure, Participation Mechanism, Complaints Procedures, Non-Governmental Organization (NGO)