Toward Sustainable Energy: Enhanced Biodiesel Production from Chlorella Vulgaris As A Third-Generation Feedstock

Abstract
The urgent need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and address environmental concerns has accelerated global efforts toward the development of renewable energy sources. In this context, third-generation biofuels derived from microalgae have emerged as a highly promising alternative, owing to their high productivity, non-competition with food crops, and ability to grow on non-arable land using minimal resources. This study investigates the potential of the oleaginous microalga Chlorella vulgaris for the synthesis of third-generation biodiesel, given its remarkable capacity to accumulate lipids suitable for fuel production. The objective is to obtain an algal-based biodiesel with physicochemical and energy properties comparable to those of conventional petroleum diesel. Comprehensive characterization was carried out in accordance with international biodiesel standards to assess the quality, conformity, and performance of the produced fuel. The findings confirm the feasibility of using Chlorella vulgaris as a renewable feedstock for sustainable biodiesel production, demonstrating both environmental benefits and economic potential. This work contributes valuable insights into the advancement of microalgae-based biofuels and supports their integration into future energy systems aimed at promoting sustainability and environmental preservation. Keywords - Microalgae, Biodiesel, Chlorella vulgaris, Renewable energy, Sustainable development.