Paper Title
ACCELERATION METHODS IN POWDER NANOTECHNOLOGY

Abstract
Particle accelerators enable groundbreaking nanopowder research for advanced electronics and energy applications, with new facilities (FAIR, NICA, RAON, ELI) expanding capabilities in radiation-driven nanomaterial synthesis and modification [1]. Recent advances in accelerator-driven nanopowder research have unlocked new pathways for synthesizing not only radiation-tolerant materials but critically important functional materials for new type of electronics operating under extreme conditions (facilities like FAIR and ELI focused on energy and electronics applications). The main mechanism of accelerator modification of oxide nanoparticles is the creation of a large number of oxygen vacancies (10÷100 units / 1 He+ ion), which, concentrating on the surface of nanoparticles, significantly increase its reactivity. Using this opportunity, we are working on obtaining nanoelectronics devices that use a new principle of barrier potential formation. In breakthrough rectifying contact is leveraging a varizonicity — a dimensional effect of dependency of energy band gap to size of nanoscale ionic crystals (e.g., ZrO₂-Y₂O₃/YSZ systems). Using accelerator-modified YSZ nanoparticles (7.5–14 nm, 0–8 mol% Y₂O₃) with hydrate shells ensuring electrical continuity, were demonstrate that increasing particle size dispersion beyond 1.5 nm enhances reverse breakdown voltage but reduces forward current due to disrupted charge transport at heterogeneous interfaces. Optimized compacts achieve record electrical performance: 2.99V for reverse voltage (forward current = 0.83 mkA) and 276 mkA (at reverse voltage = 2.62V). Such contacts and mono sized nanoparticles modified with accelerated ions are an excellent object for the development of functional media for biological gas sensors. Crucially, this homogeneous ionic junctions are eliminates diffusion instability which enable reliable operation in harsh environments (>300°C, high radiation, corrosive atmospheres). The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is possible to develop based on YSZ nanopowders with using accelerator methods an gas analysis systems for space exploration and other critical technologies. Acknowledgments: This study was performed in the scope of the H2020/MSCA/RISE2023/E-NOSE/ 101182748 project. [1] Durante, M.; Golubev, A.; Park, W.-Y.; Trautmann, C. Applied Nuclear Physics at the New High-Energy Particle Accelerator Facilities. Physics Reports 2019, 800, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2019.01.004.