TARGETING METASTASIS USING OXIDIZED MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES

Abstract
Problem Statement: Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant organs, is a major challenge in oncology, responsible for a significant increase in cancer mortality. Current treatments often fail to effectively inhibit metastatic progression, necessitating novel strategies with improved efficacy and selectivity. Methods: This study investigated oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for their potential to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR), aiming to suppress key metastatic mechanisms such as cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Intravenous administration of biodegradable, targeted MWCNTs was tested alone and in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent Taxol® in a melanoma lung metastasis mouse model. Results: Oxidized MWCNTs demonstrated potent anti-metastatic effects, reducing lung metastases by over 80% when administered alone. When combined with Taxol®, the inhibitory effect increased to approximately 90%. The nanomaterials also exhibited cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory activity against tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of oxidized MWCNTs as effective VEGFR-targeting agents capable of significantly limiting metastatic spread. Their combination with standard chemotherapy enhances therapeutic outcomes, representing a promising direction for advanced cancer treatment using nanotechnology-based approaches