Estimation the Action of Diode Laser on the Bioethanol Production of the Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisia

Abstract
There are insufficiently effective ethanologenic microorganisms to meet the increasing demand for renewable energy sources like bioethanol. The purpose of this study was to examine the photostimulating effect of a diode laser operating at two wavelengths for the generation of ethanol from Saccharomyces cerevisia and the activity of alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH) activity. First, we selected broth with two pH values (4 and 4.5) for bread yeast growth. Each broth culture was split into six groups, each with five replicates: two groups received a non-irradiative inoculum (control), two groups received four laser irradiation periods (half, one, two, and three minutes) at 532 nm, and two groups received four laser irradiation periods at 650 nm. Secondly, the broths were grown under circumstances that promoted the generation of ethanol for 48 hours. Lastly, the colorimetric approach was used to detect the groups' production of ethanol and ADH activity. We discovered that the highest amount of ethanol produced at pH 4.5 is attained with a dosage of 532 nm and an exposure duration of 30 seconds. Keywords - Saccharomyces, Ethanol, Biofuel, Laser Iradiation, Alcoholdehydrogenase, Ammonium Ceric Nitrate