Paper Title
DOES DRINKING COFFEE AFFECT BODY WEIGHT AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS?

Abstract
Coffee is a popular drink with numerous health benefits, including improved alertness, concentration, and energy expenditure. Higher coffee consumption may be linked to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, some types of cancer, Parkinson's disease, and mortality. Caffeine can help people lose weight by blocking the actions of the enzyme phosphodiesterase and preventing adenosine's detrimental effects on enhanced noradrenaline release, which encourages lipolysis. It can also regulate body weight, particularly in children and adolescents. This study aimed to explore the association between coffee consumption and BMI among male students in the faculty of agriculture at Jerash Private University, as well as the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the study sample. The study used a cross-sectional design, including 150 male students, and anthropomorphic measurements. The sample size was calculated based on the total number of male students in the faculty of agriculture in 2023, with a minimum sample size of 150.The study involved a group of 150 agriculture students in Jerash, who were asked to complete self-filled questionnaires about their coffee consumption habits and dietary data. The questionnaires included socio-demographic data, such as age, physical activity, and smoking habits, as well as anthropometric measurements. The participants were also assessed for their body mass index (BMI) and were categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. Dietary data was collected through a qualitative food frequency questionnaire, which included food items from different food groups. Participants were asked to select the frequency of food consumption and the serving size in each food group. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and chi-square tests. A linear regression model was used to investigate the association between coffee consumption and obesity. Consumption of coffee were measured using three parameters: frequency of coffee consumption (one cup/once per day…etc), coffee cup sizes (small, medium, large) and the duration of coffee consumption history (years since starting to drink coffee). The results showed that 76% of the participants were not engaging in exercise, 91.3% did not have diseases, 65.3% were smokers, and 36.7% were normal weight. Also the results revealed that the first two parameters in drinking coffee (frequency of coffee consumption and coffee cup sizes) did not had a significant association with body weight. However, the third parameter (the duration of coffee consumption) had a significant association with body weight. Further research is needed to consider the effect of coffee type and other factors and variables to improve the model's fit. These results contribute to the understanding potential role of coffee in weight control among university students.