Paper Title
Modification of Red Mud (Bauxite Residue) Into Sponge Base Catalyst Through Soda-Lime Calcination

Abstract
Red mud is a residue from bauxite processing during the production of alumina. In this paper, modification of this waste was studied by examining soda-lime calcination at 600-1000˚C for 2 h. The presence of sodium carbonate and limestone as additives revealed significant influence on the morphology, crystallinity and basicity. The modified red mud had accumulated large number of agglomerates and formed a unique appearance called sponge structure. The spaces between agglomerates were 1-5 μm, so that favorable for transesterification reaction for biodiesel production. In addition, the crystallinity of modified red mud was getting better during calcination and the basicity tend to increase. Keywords� Red Mud, Sponge Morphology, Base Catalyst, Soda-Lime Calcinations.