Paper Title
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF TREATED WASTEWATER REUSE FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOROCCO: REVIEW

Abstract
Morocco, a country with limited water resources and increasing demand, faces critical challenges from overexploitation, inefficient use, and climate change impacts. With per capita water availability at just 606 m³ in 2023, far below the scarcity threshold of 1,000 m³, the country must urgently adopt sustainable solutions. This study highlights treated wastewater reuse (TWWR) as a key strategy within the National Strategy for Water (SNE) to address these challenges. Wastewater production has risen dramatically, from 48 million m³ in 1960 to 900 million m³ in 2020, with projections of 1,026 million m³ by 2040. Morocco’s National Liquid Sanitation Program (PNA 2005–2030) and National Plan for Reuse (PNREU) aim to reduce pollution by 60%, expand treatment coverage by 80%, and reuse 300 million m³ annually by 2030. Currently, 46 TWWR projects have been implemented or are underway, utilizing treated wastewater for agriculture, urban green spaces, industrial operations, and groundwater recharge. By 2019, 19 WWTP mobilized 60 million m³ annually, with 51% allocated to green spaces and golf courses, and 17% to industries such as OCP. Despite this, 70 million m³ of untreated wastewater is still used annually in agriculture, posing environmental risks. Persistent gaps in infrastructure, governance, and public awareness highlight the urgent need for stronger institutional frameworks and regulatory measures. This review highlights Morocco’s commitment to advancing wastewater reuse by increasing the adoption of tertiary treatments. It emphasizes the vast untapped potential of treated wastewater reuse (TWWR) as a sustainable solution to the country's water deficit and a means to mitigate wastewater-related harm. Beyond mitigating water scarcity, TWWR emerges as a vital tool for adapting to climate changeby enhancing resource efficiency and protecting the environment. The review advocates also for faster implementation and stronger governance frameworks to secure long-term resilience. Keywords - Water Management, Water Resources, Water Scarcity, Wastewater Treatment, Wastewater Reuse, Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), Sustainability.