Paper Title
BIOPESTICIDAL EFFECTS OF ALLIUM SATIVUM (GARLIC) BULB EXTRACTS ON SPECIES OF ARMYWORM (SPODOPTERAFRUGIPERDA): A TREAT TO FOOD SECURITY IN NIGERIA

Abstract
Studies was carried out to determine Biopesticidal effects of Allium sativum (Garlic) extract on Species of Armyworm (Spodopterafrugiperda), a treat to food security in Nigeria. The results of the sensitivity of larvae to the essential oil of A. sativum on Spodopteraexempta at concentrations ranging from 20 to 0.65 ppm, with lethal values of 267.33 and 493.63 ppm at 24 hours after treatment. Toxic effects were detected in larvae treated with concentrations ranging from 20 to 2.5 ppm; the 20 ppm concentration was shown to be more than 80% effective, producing 100% mortality after 24 hours. With LC50 and LC90 of 201.90 and 385.29 ppm, respectively, a concentration of 10 ppm caused almost 92 percent death after 48 hours. On the third day, the therapy with a concentration of 5.0 ppm exhibited efficacy of above 50%, with LC50 and LC90 of 146.69 and 312.22 ppm, respectively. The susceptibility of 4th instar larvae to A. sativum essential oil on Ornithogalli at doses ranging from 20 to 0.65 ppm. Toxic effects were seen in larvae treated with doses ranging from 20 to 2.5 ppm, with the 20 ppm concentration causing 100 percent mortality after 24 hours. With LC50 and LC90 of 95.20 and 185.29 ppm, respectively, a concentration of 10 ppm caused over 100% mortality after 48 hours. The LC50 and LC90 of the 5.0 ppm concentration therapy were 97.51 and 191.47 ppm, respectively, on the third day, indicating efficacy above 50%. The significance between the concentrations employed in determining the growth inhibitory activity of the A. sativum extract on Armyworm larvae. When 10 percent concentrations were utilized, the aqueous extract of A. sativum reduced relative growth index by 73.75 percent, methanol extract 46.25 percent, and ethanol 72.50 percent. The biological effectiveness of the ethanol extract at 1% was 46.25 percent, compared to 35.00 percent for the aqueous extract and 37.50 percent for the methanol extract. When the extracts were administered at various quantities, they all had a harmful effect on armyworm larval growth. The use of Allium sativum essential oils could be considered as an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy to control the menace of armyworm infestations with little or no risk to humans and other living faunas in the environment Keywords - Biopesticidal;EffectofGarlic; (Allium sativum); BulbExtracts;Species; Armyworm; (Spodopterafrugiperda); Atreat; food security, Nigeria.