Paper Title
NEUROPATHOLOGY, NOSOLOGY, AND TREATMENT OF PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA: ADVANCES, UPDATE, AND CHALLENGES

Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative disorder experienced as language and early protection of other cognitive competences are declining. From neuropathology perspective, the cause of PPA may be a variation of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) usually either FTLD with TAR DNA-binding protein proteinopathy or FTLD with tau proteinopathy (FTLD-tau), or by an unusual kind of Alzheimer disease (AD), which mainly preserves episodic memory. More seldom, the syndrome has been connected to other neuro-pathologic bodies, such as Lewy body disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.PPA thus nosologically reflects the nonfluent/agrammatic variation (NFV), logopenic variant (LV), and the fluent or semantic variant (SV), in accordance with a consensus proposal for the classification of PPA that was partly driven by the need to combine the variant-sub-types into three. PPA is usually managed using speech and language therapy, communication strategies, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and medications.The aim of this study was to integrate perspectives ofneuropathological biomarkers of PPA as documented in the literature, re-examine perspectives, reassess nosologicallyindexicality, and management of PPA.The core of this paper is threefold: seeking to engage the readership with an update from the literature on diagnosis, and treatment approaches to the three subclasses of PPA. Additionally, by building up the above, the author examined issues of diagnostic methods of each of the three variants and made statement about effectiveness and suitability of each method for assessment, and management of realistic, evidence-based implementation practices that can be integrated into existing neurorehabilitation protocols to utilize some more rewarding methods identified in the literature which the author believes will possibly improve rehabilitation outcomes.Finally, this paperdiscussed implication of identifiedchallenges and the most fecund therapeutic approaches for clinical intervention and recommendations for future studies. Keywords - Proteinopathy, Neurorehabilitation, Nosology, Neuropathology, Frontotemporal