Paper Title
OPTIMIZED GRAPHENE AND COPPER-BASED THZ ANTENNAS FOR EXPLOSIVE DETECTION USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS

Abstract
The emergence of new methods to identify and prevent illicit activities, such as narcotics and explosives, has made it a vital societal safety concern, driven by the global threat of terrorism. Because X-rays are harmful to human tissues and metal detectors miss non-metallic compounds, early detection methods are ineffective. THz and graphene-based antennas may be utilized in forthcoming THz spectroscopic techniques for the identification of explosives, and 6G technologies globally. Initial research has compared graphene terahertz antenna configurations optimized by evolutionary algorithms with conventional designs. In the following section of the research, an additional optimal design composed of copper was compared to the optimized grapheme antenna. At 5.3 THz, both designs resonate to identify the highly explosive compound pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). The improved graphene-based antenna surpasses all preceding designs, with a radiation efficiency of 96.85%. At the resonant frequency, it exhibits excellent VSWR (1.003), S11 characteristics (-56.26), and a gain of (6.91 dBi). Keywords - Explosives Detection, Genetic Algorithm, Graphene, PETN, Thz Spectroscopy, 6G.