Paper Title
LIQUID WASTE BIOREMEDIATION USING ENCAPSULATED BACTERIA: A SUSTAINABLE APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

Abstract
Objective: Wastewater pollution in coastal areas is a serious environmental issue, affecting marine ecosystems and public health. The use of bacteria in bioremediation has proven effective in reducing contaminants, but its success is often hindered by extreme environmental factors. Bacterial encapsulation systems offer an innovative solution to enhance bioremediation effectiveness. This literature review aims to assess the efficacy of encapsulated bacteria in the bioremediation of domestic wastewater in coastal areas. Methods: Utilizing the Scopus database, a bibliometric analysis was conducted using OpenRefine and VOS Viewer (v.1.6.16). A total of 1,074 articles from the years 2014-2024 were identified. Visualization and statistical analysis were performed using Tableau. Results: Microbes have the ability to decompose harmful contaminants in wastewater or convert them into more environmentally friendly forms. These microbes produce enzymes that act as biocatalysts and assist in the biochemical process of pollutant degradation. The microbes identified in wastewater include Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Flavobacterium sp., Streptomyces sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Desmodesmus sp. Contaminant reduction reached 85-95% after 30 days of bioremediation. The optimal environmental conditions for bacterial activity were found to be a pH of 7, a temperature of 30°C, and a dissolved oxygen level of 6 mg/L. Conclusion: The application of encapsulation systems presents an attractive alternative in efforts to reduce wastewater pollution. This system enables the retention of microbes within capsules, allowing them to be applied more efficiently in the bioremediation process. The implementation of this technology could be an innovative step toward more environmentally friendly and efficient wastewater management. Keywords - Bioremediation, Encapsulated Bacteria, Wastewater, Environmental Health, Wastewater Management