Paper Title
PROBABILITY TOXICITY AND SENSITIVITY OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE FROM ELEMENTS OF NO2, PM10, AND PM2.5 AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN MAKASSAR CITY 2024

Abstract
Chronic exposure to elements of NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 can have some negative impacts both on environmental and human health. This research aimed to asses the probability and sensitivity toxicity impacts because of the populations' exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 in both children and adolescents as a result of breathing contaminated air in crowded central Antang Road of Makassar City, Indonesia. Results found higher NO2 levels were 10.88 µg/m3 and 10.97 µg/m3 in stations 12 and 17 in Panakkukang and Borong, it is close to truks parking area. Then, station 21 in Tamalanrea Indah and station 20 in Karampuang were found higher PM10 levels, with 24.8 and 30.14 µg/m3, respectively. Hazard quotient (HQ) were 12.4, 20.3, and 19.8 for NO2, PM10, and PM2.5, respectively. For children at the percentiles of 5th and 95th, cancer risks are 13 and 34 for NO2, corresponding to medium risks. whereas in adulescent were 102 and 223 indicating high risks. However, risks adult for NO2 in the sensitivity analysis revealed was most important factor raising health hazard (26.4%) was the length of exposure (ED. followed by the concentration (C) with (18.3%), exposure ferquence (EF) with (17.8%), and and inhalation rate (17.2%), according to sensitivity level chart. The majority of adults were at increased risk than those children, where the highest HQ values for children were 8.98, 15.2, and 22.5 for NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 that lower risk than adolescent, (THQ) risk for NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 with scores of 12.4 and 20.3, and 19.8 respectively. Keywords - Hazard quotient, probability toxic, sensitivity level, chronic exposure, particulates