Paper Title
Thermodynamic Study of Biosorption for Removal of Heavy Metals

Abstract
Today, heavy metal pollution, including nickel, has become one of the most serious environmental problems. The discharge of these heavy metals from various industries has negative effects on the environment and living organisms. Conventional technologies for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions are not economically viable and, in addition to not being effective at low concentrations of metal ions, produce large amounts of chemical sludge. Nickel's biological uptake by living, inactive, microbial or plant-derived biomass is an alternative and innovative technology to remove this contamination from aqueous solutions. It has high absorbency and reabsorption capacity. In this study, with the aim of introducing different types of microbial and plant-derived biological adsorbents in order to remove nickel from aqueous solution and reveal the adsorption capacity of each adsorbent, articles found between 2001 and 2020 have been used. Research has shown that the use of these biomass as a biological adsorbent for the removal of nickel in aqueous solution is a promising and environmentally friendly prospect. Based on thermodynamic studies in most nickel biosorption processes with different adsorbents, the value of ΔG° is negative and the value of ΔS° is positive due to the increase of random collisions between solid and solution during the process. Keywords - Biosorption, Nickel, Heavy Metals, Biological Adsorbent, Aqueous Solutions, Thermodynamic