Paper Title
Reliability and Security Challenges for Digital and Green Transitions: Unlocking the Potential of Data Spaces for More Reliable and Safer Energy Systems

Abstract
The European Union (EU) has introduced the REPowerEU Plan in response to energy market uncertainties caused by the Ukraine war, aiming to reduce reliance on Russian energy imports and achieve climate neutrality by 2050. This initiative promotes renewable energy sources like offshore wind and solar power. However, the digital and green transitions pose significant safety and cybersecurity risks. Addressing these challenges is crucial for ensuring the reliability and security of energy systems and critical infrastructures. Unlike the established safety and security frameworks in the oil and gas industry, green technologies lack robust guidelines. This position paper argues for assessing current digital transformation technologies, identifying gaps in standards, discussing supply chain security, and exploring the benefits of incident data sharing. It also explores the role of digital twin technologies and European data spaces in enhancing safety and interoperability. Despite a tradition of data sharing in the oil and gas sector, similar initiatives are lacking in renewable energy due to missing incentives. Establishing regulations, standards and guidelines for cybersecurity and safety in renewable energy systems is an essential task for future work. Keywords - Twin Transition,Digitalization of Energy Sector,Common European Energy Data Space