Paper Title
Recent Advances and Innovations for Buckling Behavior of Smart Beams under Electric Field

Abstract
For improved building materials, concrete quality is now becoming more important. Among them, nanotechnology views this from a different perspective. In this paper, an experimental study is presented regarding buckling of horizontal concrete columns reinforced by ZnO nanoparticles. The applied ZnO nanoparticles have piezoelectric characteristics, and the size can give intelligent controllability based on the application of electric fields. For the column supported by vertical springs with constant shear modulus, the model is generated using exponential shear deformation theory (ESDT). The equivalent properties of the system are provided from a micro-electro-mechanical model, while equations of motion are derived based on nonlinear stress-strain relations, energy method, and Hamilton's principle. To find the buckling load, the Difference Quadrature Method (DQM) is used. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed in order to find the buckling load and investigate the nanotechnology and electric field effects on the buckling behavior of the structures. The results show that the buckling load and stiffness of the column increase by using a negative external voltage. The buckling load of the column can also be increased by incorporating ZnO nanoparticles. Keywords: Smart beam; Buckling; Numerical method; ZnO nanoparticles.