Paper Title
Challenge towards Waste Reduction/Minimization in Local Cities in Japan: The Case of Zero-Waste Initiative in Kamikatsu Town

Abstract
This paper examines the Zero-Waste initiative in Kamikatsu Town, Japan, which serves as a model for waste reduction and minimization in local municipalities. Kamikatsu, a small mountain town, declared its Zero-Waste goal in 2003, driven by the challenges of managing municipal waste in a remote area with limited resources. The town implemented a comprehensive waste separation system, requiring residents to sort waste into 45 categories, leading to an impressive recycling rate of over 80%. The initiative also includes community-focused programs such as reuse shop, supported by the Zero Waste Academy to promote sustainable living. The paper compares Kamikatsu’s success with other Japanese municipalities, such as Shibushi City,Ooki Town, and Minamata City, highlighting the importance of resident participation, strong local policy support, well-developed networking, and sustainable infrastructure. These initiatives provide valuable lessons for improving waste management practices globally, particularly in reducing and preventing waste generation. Keywords - Municipal Solid Waste Management, 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), Waste Minimization, Zero-Waste Initiative