Paper Title
THERMODINAMIC AND IMUNNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ANTIBODY BIOFUNCTIONALIZED SILVERNANOPARTICLES MEDIATED PHOTOTHERMAL ABLATION IN HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELLS

Abstract
In this study, we propose a technique for the enhanced laser thermal ablation of HepG2 cells, a cell line derived from human hepatocellular liver carcinoma. The technique is based on the utilization of silver nanoparticles as a carrier system, specifically serum albumin (BSA), and we demonstrate its selective therapeutic efficacy. To investigate the internalization of HSA-GNPs via Gp60 receptors and the caveolin-mediated endocytosis inside HepG2 cells, we employed hyperspectral, contrast phase, and confocal microscopy combined with immunochemical staining. Additionally, we used confocal microscopy to examine the ability of laser-activated carbon nanotubes to induce Hsp70 expression. Our findings reveal that Hep G2 cells subjected to heat shock (laser-activated BSA-AGNPs) at 42°C exhibited an up-regulation of Hsp70 compared to control cells (BSA-AGNPs treated cells without laser), which displayed no detectable constitutive expression of Hsp70. Furthermore, we observed a time-dependent induction in Hsp70 expression in Hep G2 cells treated with BSA-GNPs and subsequently irradiated with laser. The post-irradiation apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells treated with HSA-GNPs varied from 85.13% (for 50 mg/L) at 60 seconds to 90.22% (for 50 mg/L) at 30 minutes. These remarkable findings may represent a significant advancement in the treatment of liver cancer through nanolocalized thermal ablation using laser heating. Keywords - Silver Nanoparticles, Albumin, HepG2 Cells, Nanoparticle Functionalization, Laser Irradiation, GP60 Receptor.