Paper Title
Development Of Efficient Biodiesel Production From Brown Grease

Abstract
Energy plays a part in global sustainability, and its production is an essential issue in every country. Energy can be produced from several sources. The basic sources are fossil fuels, a limited and non-renewable natural resource. However, massive consumption of fossil fuels has resulted in severe climate change, and environmental pollution in the form of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), methane (CH4), and volatile organic compounds. These pollutants not only cause environmental damage but also seriously threaten human health. Furthermore, the consumption of fossil fuels contributes to global warming due to the emission of a large amount of greenhouse gases. One of the alternatives to fossil fuels is biodiesel. Biodiesel consists of mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids made from renewable biological sources. Another possible source is a fatty fraction of wastewater, specifically brown grease, collected in grease traps designed to prevent fats from entering the sewage system. Biodiesel can be used either as a substitute for traditional diesel fuel in internal combustion engines in its pure form or blended with diesel fuel. The present research is devoted to the production of biodiesel from brown grease. The development of biodiesel production is a step towards the production of renewable fuels that promote green energy and prevent environmental damage. Biodiesel is produced by esterification and transesterification reactions under ultrasonic activation instead of traditional thermal activation. The reactions take place using Lewis acid catalysts; the most effective in our study were AlCl3 and BF3, enabling a reaction yield of over 90%. Keywords - Biodiesel Production, Energy,Renewable Natural Resource, Environment.