Paper Title
Evaluation of Rice Starch Magnetite in Waste Water Treatment: Application on Coagulation and Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) Process

Abstract
Coagulation with chemical coagulants (for example, alum) is less expensive, but it has health and environmental risks and cannot be recovered. As a result, this research suggests magnetized-coagulation treatment as an alternative. The purpose of this study was to develop specialized magnetic coagulant for the industrial wastewater treatment. Rice starch magnetite (MRS) was produced by co-precipitating rice starch (RS) with magnetite/Fe3O4(M) at a ratio of 1:1. The analytical results obtained using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy confirmed the surface area, surface morphology, and elemental compositions. The effects of settling/ flotation time (10 - 60 minutes) on turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and phosphate reduction were investigated with wastewater sample of initial turbidity of 39.28 ± 0.471 NTU, COD of 351.80 ± 1.166 mg/L and phosphate of 1.18 ± 0.021 mg/L. This was examined by jar tester with six (6) beakers. Under the coagulation conditions of rapid stirring (150 rpm) and slow stirring (30 rpm) with 4 g of coagulant dosage the settling time (10-60 min) was then investigated. About 75% removal for turbidity and phosphate with 50% of the COD removal was recordedfor both coagulation and dissolved air flotation (DAF) process.However, the DAF method was considered more advantageous due to its quicker settling/flotation time (10 min). The results showed good removal efficiency for the dissolve air floatation as compared to the coagulation process. And the use of MSR for DAF was found to be viable options for wastewater treatment and hence there is a need for further studies. Keywords - Coagulation, DAF, Magnetite, Rice Starch.