Paper Title
Potentials of Wild Radish (Raphanus Raphanustrum) as a Biofumigant in Comparison to Commercial Pesticides on some Soil Taxa under Field Conditions

Abstract
Biofumigation is a sustainable agronomic practice using naturally produced plant compounds to manage soil pests, including phytoparasitic nematodes (PPNs). The process acts through the growth or incorporation of plant material into the soil, that, over the course of its degradation, releases glucosinolates that break down into nematotoxic isothiocyanates. These secondary plant metabolites exist naturally in commonly grown plants, most of which belong to the Brassicaceae family. This study aims the evaluation and the valorization of the biofumigant effect of Raphanus raphanustrum on the abundances of soil pedofauna in an uncultivated plot in comparison with a chemical treatment (Tefluthrin 1.5%). The biological and chemical applications carried out recorded a notable effect on the abundances of microfauna in particular after one month of treatment. The toxicity extended to the microfauna by bringing the mesofauna. The results relating to the study of the treatment effect showed that throughout the follow-up period, Tefluthrin remains the most toxic compared to the plant powder of Raphanus raphanustrum applied to the various soil taxa. As a result, Raphanus raphanustrum proves to be more toxic on harmful organisms than on non-target and useful taxa, unlike the chemical molecule which has been shown to be more toxic with a broad spectrum of action and non-selective. Keywords - Biofumigation, Brassicaceae, pedofauna, Raphanus rapanustrum, Tefluthrin