Paper Title
Comparison of the Antibacterial Activities of Ethanol Extract and Liposome Preparations of Red Betel Vine Leaf (Piper Crocatum) Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Abstract
Red betel vine leaf extract (Piper crocatum) has antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Red betel vine extract in the form of liposomes is expected to be more stable so that it can increase the antibacterial activity of red betel vine leaves.This study was conducted to compare the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and red betel vine leaf liposome preparations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Red betel vine leaves (Piper crocatum) wasextracted using the maceration method. Liposome preparations were made from ethanol extract of red betel vine leaves by thin layer hydration method. Antibacterial testing on Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the dilution method was conducted to compare between ethanol extract and liposome preparations.Liposome nanoparticle preparations at 40°C were quite stable. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the liposome antibacterial test of red betel vine leaf extract was 0.0156% and the results of the red betel vine leaf extract MBC were 1.56%. The concentration of liposomes is 100 times smaller.The red betel vine leaf liposome preparation is quite stable and the results of the antibacterial activity of the red betel vine leaf extract liposome preparation are better than the red betel vine leaf extract. Keywords - Red betel vine, Liposome, Stability, Pseudomonas aeruginosa