Paper Title
New Green Sources of Anti-Radical or Photo-Protective Agents

Abstract
Natural astaxanthin, crocin, two C-glycosides (1 and 2) and one postbiotic strain have been evaluated for their antiradical and photoprotective properties, as there are concerns about the safety of certain synthetic substances commonly used in the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. The ability of astaxanthin (5 µM) to scavenge •DPPH radicalwas 3.4, 3.0, 2.4, 2.1 and 1.9-times higher than that of α-tocopherol, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), gallic acid and Trolox (5 µM), respectively. Crocin (5µM) showed 3.9 and 2.1-times lower scavenging ability than astaxanthin and Trolox, respectively, but the same activity as α-tocopherol, and BHT(5 µM). The ability of astaxanthin and crocin to quench Reactive Oxygen Species generated by H2O2 on ex-vivo pig-ear epidermis comparable to that of α-tocopherol and Trolox was observed. Although C-glycosides (synthesized in our other project) and the probiotic strain showed a lower ability to scavenge radicals than the above substances under the same measurement conditions, they proved to be interesting UVB absorbers, i.e. anti-photooxidative stress agents. Sun protection factor (SPF) value 13.9, 8.4 and 4.8 of the emulsion containing 8 wt.% C-glycoside-1, 8 wt.% C-glycoside-2 and 8 wt.% postbiotic Lactococcus Ferment Lysate, respectively was higher or comparable than in vitro as well as in silico SPF values of the reference emulsion containing 8 wt.% of synthetic chemical UV filters Homosalate (SPF 4.3), Octyl Salicylate (SPF 5.0) and ButylMethoxydibenzoylmethane (SPF 7.1). Keywords - Carotenoids, Green Chemistry, Postbiotic, Antiradical Activity, Photoprotective Efficacy.