Paper Title
Expression of HER2/NEU, P53, P16 and Cox2 Genes and their Association with Clinicopathological Parameters in Gallbladder Carcinoma

Abstract
Purpose: To identify expression of HER2/neu, p53, p16 and Cox2 genes and examine interrelationships of these factors with tumor grade in gall bladder carcinoma. Materials and methods: Histopathological analysis was conducted on formalin fixed paraffin embedded malignant gallbladder (n=42) tissue samples. Hematoxylin and eosin stained slides of each case were reviewed for: type of malignancy (whether adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or any other type); grade (well, moderate, and poorly). Immunohistochemistry for HER2/neu, p53, p16 and Cox2 was performed and results were interpreted. Results: The expression of Her 2 neu (+3) was found in 16%(n-7), p53 in 71%(n-30), p16 in 35%(n-15), Cox-2 in 54% (n-23) ingall bladder cancer. Combined expression of p53 and Cox-2 was n-16(76% Cox-2 expressed with p53), p53 with p16 in n-8, p53 p16 & Cox-2 in n-4. Therewas only one case with all fourparameters positivity.For p53,18 cases out of 30 were in stage IV and for Cox-2,11 cases were in stage IV out of 23. Conclusion: The inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene and activation of the proto-oncogene are key steps in the development of human cancer. The present study demonstrated there was significant expression of p53 in gallbladder cancer. There are links between COX-2 and p53 expression.Mutation in tumor suppressor gene p16 might be correlated with progression of gallbladder carcinoma, also Her2/neu was expressed in 16% patients and in future this might be potential target in patients of gallbladder carcinoma. Acknowledgment: The present study has been sponsored by Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Dehradun (UCS&T/R&D/MED-01/17-18/13833). Keywords - Gene Expression, Gall Bladder Carcinoma.