Paper Title
Drug Delivery and Therapy by Lanthanide Agents

Abstract
Encouraged by clinically appoved lanthanide complex-based magnetic resonance contrast agents including gadobutrol, gadobenate, gadoteridol, gadoxetic acid, gadodiamide, gadopentetate, gadofosveset and gadoversetamide, lanthanide materials has been extensively invesgated in medical and pharmaceutical fields. Among the lanthanide materails, lanthanide complexes, in which organic molecules are used to chelate the lanthanide ions, are getting rising research interest as theranostic agents because they provide both fingerprint luminescence and magnetic resonance signals. These signals are extremely useful for real-time monitoring and evaluating the drug release, uptake, distribution, localization and clearance. Like small molecule drugs, anthanide complexes have small size and clear structure, guaranteeing their reproduction and quality control. There is a large spectral separation between excitation and emission, this psedo-Stokes’ shift can minimize the interference from light source and background. Lanthanide complexes have long luminescent lifetimes in microsecond to millisecond ranges, allowing time-gated techniques to remove the autofluorescence (nanosecond) from samples. Moreover, the lanthide exert a heavy atom effect and induce the triplet generation, which make them suitable for photodyanic therapy. These advantages offer the lanthanide complexes considerable opportunities for therapeutical applications. Keywords – Lanthanide, Magnetic Resonance, Gadoxetic Acid, Heavy Atom Effect