Paper Title
Protective Vaccination Change the Hepatic Immune Surveillance Mediated by the TLR Gene Family

Abstract
Malaria remains a major threat of human health, the more as a safe and effective anti-malaria vaccine is not yet available. Morbidity and mortality of malaria are caused by the blood-stages of the infectious agents, which are parasitic protozoans of the genus Plasmodium. The aim of this study was to advance our understanding of the role of the liver against blood-stage malaria, especially to investigate possible effects of protective vaccination on gene and miRNA expression including DNA methylation status of gene promoters. The studies were performed with the experimental malaria of P. chabaudi in Balb/c mice, whose survival is raised from 0% to over 80% by vaccination. Protective vaccination results in changes of the hepatic immune surveillance mediated by the TLR gene family. Our study revealed that all 12 members of the TLR gene family were constitutively expressed, though at varying levels, in the liver. Protective vaccination did not change constitutive expression of any of the 12 different TLR genes, but infection with P. chabaudi leaded to differential expression of the 7 TLR genes 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 12 and 13. Tlr2 at the early stage of infection and, in particular, the Tlrs1, 4, 7, and 12 towards the end of crisis phase are critical for vaccination-induced resolution and survival of otherwise lethal blood-stage malaria. Keywords - Blood Stage-Malaria, TLRS, Liver, Vaccination, Balb/c Mice This project was funded by the National Plan for Science, Technology and Innovation (MAARIFAH), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, awarded number (13-B101206-02).