Paper Title
Assessment of UAV Photogrammetric Accuracy based on the Variation of Flight Configuration for Landfill Mapping

Abstract
The municipal solid waste (MSW) that disposedin the landfill must be continually monitored and managed. One of the significant tool for monitoring and management landfill in order to reduce the environmental problem is the 2D map and 3D model. However, the direct measurement method which is the traditional method including total station, optical theodolite, optical level, and Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK-GNSS) are complicated methods for mapping in the hazardous area particularly inthe landfill site. In order to facilitate landfill mapping, the Unmanned Arial Vehicle (UAV) or drone has been used as a current survey tool. Hence, this study aimsto assess the photogrammetric accuracy based on the variation of flight configurations for landfill mapping. In this study, the flight configurations were varied with the 80% - 90% of frontal overlaps and 75% to 90% of side overlap. The ground sampling distance (GSD) values were set at 5 and 7.5 cm. /pixel. The accuracy of ground control points (GCPs) and check points (CPs) were presented by root mean square error (RMSE) value. The GCPs for georeferencing was set up at 10 positions and check point for accuracy assessment was set up at 26-29 positions. The result showed that 80% of frontal overlap and 75% side overlapwas the best accuracy for horizontal and vertical positions at GSD = 5 cm. /pixel while 85% of frontal overlap and 75% of side overlap was the best accuracy for the only horizontal position at GSD = 7.5 cm. /pixel. Keywords - Landfill mapping, UAV Photogrammetry, Flight configuration.