Paper Title
Heavy Metal Levels in Urine of E-Waste Dismantling Workers in Buriram Province, Thailand

Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) is recently worldwide concern issue because rapidly increasing of newer electronic products, recycling is an important way to reduce e-waste. In the recycling process, exposures to heavy metals can cause adverse health effects to e-waste dismantling workers. In Thailand, e-waste is increasing similarly to the global e-waste situation. One of the largest e-waste sites in Thailand is Buriram province. The objective of this study was to examine the levels of urinary heavy metals in dismantling workers. As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mn and Zn concentrations in the urine of 100 dismantling workersat the e-waste separating sites in Daengyai sub-district and Banpao sub-district, Buriram province were investigated. The face-to-face interview questionnaire was used to get participants information, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure the urinary heavy metals. The results showed mean (SD) and median of arsenic concentration in the urine were 55.23 (34.91) µg/L and 47.70 µg/L, ranging from 6.28 to 175.73 µg/L. There were 70% of the dismantling workers presented arsenic in urine exceeded the standard of The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH). The mean (SD) and median Cu, Mn, and Zn concentration in the urine of participants were 25.42 (16.48) and 19.90, 1.98 (1.32) and 1.76, and 355.60 (238.12) and 295.00 µg/g of creatinine, respectively. There were (8%, 21%, and 4%, respectively) of the dismantling workers with heavy metal in urine exceeded the standard. Keyword- Heavy metals, E-waste, Urine, Biomarkers,Thailand