Paper Title
Regional Convergence in Maghreb: Parametric and Non Parametric Approach

Abstract
This article explores a non-parametric approach for characterizing convergence of GDP per capita in more than 350 regions in Maghreb countries. The methodology consists in identifying the shape of the long run spatial associations through the use of Markov chains which make it possible to derive a unique stationary distribution related to the transition matrix. Results show that the proportion of high income regions surrounded by similar regions has significantly increased detrimentally to the other spatial associations. This dynamics suggests that the convergence process is Maghreb countries, is global with positive spatial spillover effects. This non-parametric approach complements the standard parametric method (absolute and conditional beta-convergence) which shows that the slow convergence process can be accelerated by beneficial spatial interaction effects. These results have strong policy implications with regard to national and territorial policies in these countries. Keywords - North Africa, growth, convergence, spatial econometrics, Markov chain JEL classification codes - O55, R11, Q54