Paper Title
The Combat Strategies of Acacia Nilotica Aqueous Extract for Bio-Control of Clinical Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogens Mediated Urinary Tract Infections

Abstract
Urinary tract infections are a common disease of the urinary tract that caused by vast majority bacteria. A total of 170 urine samples were collected from Luxor general hospital and private medical analysis laboratories in Luxor providence, Egypt. Samples were screened for the incidence of uropathogens by biochemical tests, antibiotics susceptibility, detection of virulence and antibiotic-resistant genes by multiplex PCR, biofilm formation and time killing assay. Escherichia coli is by far the most prevalent causative agent with the percentage of 73.7% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii. Isolates were multidrug resistant containing blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX, qnrs and aac(3)-Ia resistant genes, except K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis that lack blaTEM and blaCTX, P. aeuroginosa lacks the blaTEM gene. All isolates were sensitive to 90-100 mgml-1 of Acacia nilotica aqueous extract. Time killing assay confirmed the bactericidal effect of the extract over time (12 to 20 hrs). A high percentage of 3-Cyclohexane-1-Carboxaldehyde, 2,6,6- trimethyl (23.5%); á-Selinene (15.12%); Oleic Acid (14.52%); Globulol (11.35) were detected among 19 bioactive phytochemical compounds in the aqueous extract of A. nilotica over the GC- mass spectra analysis. The plant extract reduced the biofilm activity of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, P. aeuroginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii by 62.6, 59. 03, 48.9, 39.2 and 6.6%, respectively. In conclusion, the challenge to improve the production of the phytochemicals of A. nilotica extract is considered a very low price for the return. Keywords - Antibiotic-resistant genes; Biofilm; GC-Mass; Urine samples; Uropathogens; Virulence genes.