Paper Title
ND2O3 Activated Lithium Strontium Zinc Borate Glass: Analysis of Ligand Field Parameters

Abstract
The conventional melt-quenching technique was used to prepared glasses with molar composition 20Li2CO3 – 5SrO – 5ZnO – (70-x) B2O3 – xNd2O3 (0≤x≤2). Density and refractive index were measured from which other physical properties were determined. XRD pattern revels wide hump in the range of 25o − 35o with no sharp peak confirmed the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses. The elemental composition of the as-quenched glass samples was confirmed via EDX analysis. Optical absorption spectra presented twelve bands with the hypersensitive band at 17212 cm-1, from which optical band gap and Urbach energy were evaluated.Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters unveiled a trend of Ω4 > Ω6 > Ω2 andthe attained spectroscopic quality factor, χ=Ω_4⁄Ω_6 is as much as 1.2603. The first three optical absorption bands were used to evaluate the ligand field parameters. Racah (B and C) parameters decreased and then increased which indicate changes in the inter-electronic repulsion. The changes in the crystal field (Dq and Dq/B) values indicates changes in the decree of covalency in the studied samples.