Paper Title
Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Molten Metal Convection during Submerged Arc Welding Using DEM-ISPH Method

Abstract
A hybrid method using a discrete element method and an incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics method was developed and behaviors of flux and molten metal during a submerged arc welding were simulated. As a result, the bead formation and the slag formation processes with the time evolution were simulated simultaneously using the hybrid model.The ensemble average processing was carried out for the velocity fields in a weld pool to discuss about the weld pool convection phenomena.From the ensemble averaged velocity fields, it was clarified that the momentum of a droplet whose diameter was about 3 mm was transported to bottom of a weld pool by the droplet transfer. Moreover, the molten metal of which the droplet was composed stirred the molten metal around the droplet when weld pool surface that was dented by the droplet transportation restituted. Keywords - Submerged Arc Welding, Molten Metal, Slag, Particle Method, Discrete Element Method