Paper Title
The Changes of Hepatic Leptin, Resistin, and Adiponectin in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats at Translational and Transcriptional Levels

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Liver is considered as a one of endocrine organs that secrete a variety of metabolically important substances including cytokines and adipokines which may represent a link between the insulin resistance and diabetes (DM). This study was to investigate hepatic leptin (LP), adiponectin (AD), and resistin (RS) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM rats with the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS: Sixteen albino wister male rats with DM induced by single STZ administrated through intraperitoneal injection compared with control group for 30-days duration of experiment and assessing the changes in weight, insulin level (IN), blood sugar (BS), in addition to IHC and gene expression (GEX) of hepatic LP, AD, and RS; (N=8) for each group. RESULTS: There was a non-significant increase in weight with significant increase in BS levels of DM group (P<0.001) with a non-significant decrease in IN; serum liver enzymes were demonstrated a significant increase in DM group (P<0.05) except in ALT. Non-HDL lipid profile assay (TC, TG and LDL) revealed a significant increase (P<0.05) while HDL revealed no significant changes in comparison with control. Hepatic LP and RS by IHCs were significantly increased in DM group (P<0.05 vs control) while LP and GEXs correlated and RS GEX was not vs control. Although IHC expression of hepatic AD was significantly decreased in DM group (P<0.05) with high GEXs correlation. CONCLUSIONS: The significant increase in hepatic IHC expression of LP and RS and decreased in AD level with highly correlation with their gene expression in STZ induced DM are augmented the features of insulin resistance with progressive dyslipidemia and abnormal liver function tests. These adipokines have very important role in drawing the scenario of diabetic pathological process and complication and ultimately in choosing an appropriate pharmacological and therapeutic approach. Keywords - Adipocytokines, Leptin, Resistin, Adiponectin, Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats