Paper Title
Effects of Led, UV-B, and Salt Treatments On Antioxidant Phytochemicals In Pakchoi (Brassica Campestris l.Ssp. Ch) and Endive (Cichorium Endive L.)

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the inducible effects on phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity by UV-B irradiation and NaCl treatments inpakchoi and endive grown under white light and blue + red light-emitting diodes(LEDs). Phenolic contents in pakchoi and endive grown under white light and blue + red light-LED were increased 50-70% and 52-60% by 250 mM NaCl treatments for 36 h, respectively, compared with control. Flavonoid contents in pakchoi and endive grown under white light and blue + red light-LED were also increased 29-30% and 17-33% by 250 mM NaCl treatments for 36 h, respectively, compared with control. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activities in pakchoi and endive grown under white light and blue + red light-LED were increased 32-55% and 25-51% by 250 mM NaCl treatments for 36 h, respectively, compared with control. Phenol and flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities in pakchoi grown under white light and blue + red light-LED were increased 14-50% by UV-B for 5 min irradiation. Total ascorbate contents in pakchoi grown under white light and blue + red light-LED were increased 20-36% by 250 mM NaCl treatments for 36 h and increased 28-45% by UV-B for 5 min irradiation.However, the inducible effects on phenol, flavonoid and ascorbate contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities in endive were lower than in pakchoi. Our results indicated that antioxidant phytochemicals in pakchoi were improved by moderate UV-B irradiation and NaCl treatments. Keywords: Pakchoi, endive, LED, UV, NaCl