Paper Title
The Cognitive Basis of the Bilingualism

Abstract
The article deals with the investigation of the cognitive basis of the bilingualism. It has already been proved that the effect of bilingualism is noticed to depend on the relationship between two languages. Besides, childhood bilingualism has also great power to influence the cognitive development of children. It is necessary to stress that such influence cannot extend the non-verbal abilities either. There are three ways of influence. The first way has been defined as monolingual and bilingual children’s cognitive abilities develop in the same way and at the same rate. For instance, the memory-span development (as a cognitive problem) and phonological awareness (as a language problem) may illustrate this point of view. The second way has been defined as children have some disadvantages by bilingualism. For instance, the languages that bilingual children use may lack some vocabulary development. It is not possible that the two language vocabularies may increase in the same way. The third way is that bilingualism has a positive force on children’s cognitive and linguistic development. All these ways have their control abilities on children’s cognitive development. The article also points out the concept as a unit of cognitive linguistics. It clarifies the meaning of the concept basing on the opinions of different linguistics. The concept is meant to be observed in the unity of the brain and the mind. The concept is considered to be a special brain movement caused by human activity. The article states that the concept is the reflection of the subject’s individual activity in the brain. The role of the language in the process of creating consciousness is absolute, and language is directly involved in this process. The article states that bilinguals are considered to be people who are able to speak more than one language. Bilingualism can spread in different ways. There are some different opinions about the notion of bilingualism. Four important problems have been stated in the investigation of bilingualism. They are: the degree of the bilingualism, its function, its alternative and its interference. The degree of the bilingualism distinguishes what language is spoken well by a bilingual. The function is used to determine the language which has an important role in the life of the bilingual. Alternative means the choice of the language used by the bilingual. Interference means the influence of the native language to the second language that is used by the bilingual. Keywords - Language, Bilingualism, Cognition, Concept, Base, Consciousness