Paper Title
Evaluation of Anti-Angiogenic Activity and Teratogenicity of Peperomia Pellucida Ethanolic Extracts using Duck-Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay

Abstract
Traditional and medicinal plants are bound to have anti-cancer properties in them. To fully assess its capacity for anti-angiogenesis, Duck-chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay is a quick, low-cost model that allows visible screening of how the plant extract contributes to the growth of blood vessels in the CAM. Pansit-pansitan (Peperomiapellucida) is known by the local Surigaonons to exhibit healing for wounds, burns and skin inflammation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-angiogenic potential and teratogenic effect of the P. pellucidaethanolic extract through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) vascularity and teratogenicity assays in duck embryos. The set-ups were composed of heparin sodium as positive control, distilled water as negative control, and P. pellucidaethanolic extract in 1 mg/mL, 1.5 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL concentrations. With a volume of 0.10μL, each of the five treatments was injected in the CAM by drilling a tiny hole into the air sac of 8-day-old embryos that were incubated for 37ºC. On the 10th day, the eggs were examined for CAMs vascular growth. The observed blood vessels were counted manually and to ensure all are counted, the 3-fold technique was used and the eggs were divided into 4 quadrants. On the 11th day of incubation, the embryos were examined for gross external morphological abnormalities. Statistical analysis shows that there is a substantial difference in the effect of P. pellucidaethanolic extract on the vascularization of the embryos. It also showed that the greater the dosage, the lesser the branched points observed. Furthermore, P. pellucidaethanolic extract contributes no abnormalities to the embryos. Thus, these findings of the study indicated that P.pellucidaethanolic extract might have a promising antiangiogenic potential and are not teratogenic. It warrants further studies as a potential source of herbal medicine and drugs for anti-angiogenic cancer therapy. Index Terms - Angiogenesis, teratogenicity, Duck-chorioallantoic membrane assay, Peperomiapellucidaethanolic extracts