Paper Title
Costs and Benefits of Applying BIM for Infrastructure to PPP Projects

Abstract
BIM for Infrastructure and Public-Private Partnership are both powerful tools that can benefit the infrastructure projects, although the development and the implementation of these tools are still at the preliminary stage in China. The lack of exchange of information, the inadequate supervision, and the complexity of the projects are the common issues that could lead to the failure of PPP projects, where applying BIM for Infrastructure could potentially mitigate such issues to a great extent. Although benefits of applying BIM for construction to PPP have been proved, in particular for improving the overall projects cost control, its benefits for infrastructure have not been specified. Therefore, it is worthwhile to further investigate the costs and benefits of implementing BIM for Infrastructure for PPP projects. In this study, the main benefits and costs of implementing BIM for Infrastructure for PPP projects are reviewed from literature and rated by practitioners from the civil and construction industry through a survey. Based on the survey results, the most significant benefit and cost are “reducing rework, risk, liability and contingency fees” and “developing universal BIM standard and database”. Index Terms - Building Information Modelling (BIM), BIM for Infrastructure, Public-Private Partnership (PPP), Cost and Benefit