Paper Title
Influence of Super Hydrophilic Treatment to Titanium on Adsorption of Bone-Associated Cytokine and Behavior of Osteoblast-Like Cells

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of superhydrophilic treatments to titanium on adsorption of bone-associated cytokine and the behavior of osteoblast-like cells. Superhydrophilic titanium specimens were prepared with atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment (Ti-Plasma) and ultraviolet treatment (Ti-UV) and were stored in distilled water for 3 days immediately after these treatments. Specimens stored in air for 3 weeks were used as a control Air group. Adsorption properties of CXCL12 were assessed using a QCM method. Subsequently, initial cell attachment and proliferation of mouse osteoblast-like cells MC3T3-E1 were evaluated. The specific binding of CXCL12 adsorption was increased on the superhydrophilic groups compared with Air (control). Possible mechanisms of increasing the CXCL12 adsorption on the superhydrophilic surfaces were consider due to the increasing the surface energy caused by removal of hydrocarbon and increasing hydrogen bond by relating the hydroxide. Initial cell attachment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 were enhanced more on superhydrophilic groups than were Air specimens. These results suggested that the superhydrophilic modifications may enhance the adsorption of bone-associated cytokine to titanium implants, leading to initial attachment and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells. Key words - Dental implants, Titanium, Superhydrophilic modification