Paper Title
Thrombolytic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Polyherbal on Induced Haemoglobinopathy Rat Models

Abstract
Thrombotic diseases such as haemoglobinopathy cause increased risk for thromboembolic complications and stroke in patients which are fatal conditions resulting in recurrent hospital admission among this group of patients. Thrombogenic and fibrinolytic activities are elevated in sickle cell disease and represents the predominant type of haemoglobinopathy in sub-Saharan Africa with 150,000 births being recorded annually in Nigeria; the highest recorded incidence of SCD in the world. This study evaluated the influence of a polyherbal formula in altering the dynamics of endothelial dysfunction, venous thrombosis in the vessels, coagulation indices, D-dimer and inflammation using a 2-butoxyethanol (2BE) -induced experimental model of haemoglobinopathy in female albino rats. Healthy twelve-week old female albino rats were randomly selected for this study and divided into six groups. Forty-two (42) rats were administered 2.5mL/kg of 2-BE p.o and 1mL/Kg of 100 mg/mL polyherbal formula for 15 days respectively pre- and post-2-BE administration while the remaining were grouped as non-exposed/control. The levels of coagulation indices, D-dimer and inflammation marker were thereafter evaluated. Histological assessment of the liver was used to assess the expression of microvascular occlusion and ischaemia. Polyherbal formulation treatment significantly (p <0.05) reduced circulating D-dimer and C-reactive protein levels, as well as the platelet dyscrasias, associated endothelial dysfunction and venous thrombosis in the vessels by reducing the levels of coagulation indices of the treated groups. There was also down-regulation of the expression of tissue necrosis in the liver of rats treated with 2-BE as a result of Polyherbal treatment. The Polyherbal formula therefore has potential for use in the management of conditions associated with thrombotic and thromboembollic disorders. Continued investigation into the bioactive constituents is however expedient to better understand the specific mechanisms of action. Keywords - 2-Butoxyethanol, Anti-Thrombotic, D-Dimer, Haemoglobinopathy, Polyherbal Formulation.